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The temperature anomalies in the Earth's mantle associated with thermalconvection1 can be inferred from seismic tomography, provided that the elasticproperties of mantle minerals are known as a function of temperature at mantlepressures. At present, however, such information is difficult to obtaindirectly through laboratory experiments. We have therefore taken advantage ofrecent advances in computer technology, and have performed finite-temperatureab initio molecular dynamics simulations of the elastic properties of MgSiO3perovskite, the major mineral of the lower mantle, at relevant thermodynamicconditions. When combined with the results from tomographic images of themantle, our results indicate that the lower mantle is either significantlyanelastic or compositionally heterogeneous on large scales. We found thetemperature contrast between the coldest and hottest regions of the mantle, ata given depth, to be about 800K at 1000 km, 1500K at 2000 km, and possibly over2000K at the core-mantle boundary.

The elastic constants of MgSiO3 perovskite at pressures and temperatures of the Earth's mantle