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1 Grandiose narcissism may be debilitative to athlete training because the opportunity 2 for self-enhancement that motivates narcissists to strive is normally absent in training 3 environments. However, this view ignores the divergent influences of the self-inflated 4 (reflecting over-confidence) and dominant (reflecting willingness for dominance) facets of 5 grandiose narcissism. We expected that self-inflated narcissism would undermine athlete 6 training, but only when dominant narcissism was low. This is because dominant narcissism 7 may serve as the catalyst that drives those with self-inflated narcissism to train well. We 8 further considered goal-setting as a practical means of alleviating the negative influence of 9 self-inflated narcissism in training. Goal-setting provides athletes with an exciting vision of 10 the future and thus can be an important self-enhancement strategy to engage narcissistic 11 athletes in training. In the present study, 321 athletes completed the Narcissistic Personality 12 Inventory (NPI-40) and the goal-setting subscale in the Test of Performance Strategies-3 13 (TOPS-3). Coaches of these athletes assessed training behaviors using the Quality of Training 14 Inventory (QTI). Self-inflated narcissism predicted higher levels of (coach-rated) 15 distractibility and poorer quality of preparation only when both dominant narcissism and 16 goal-setting were low (and not when either was high). The findings suggest that dominant 17 narcissism and goal-setting protect against the adverse influences of self-inflated narcissism 18 on athlete training. The work underscores the importance of considering grandiose narcissism 19 as a multidimensional construct and supports goal-setting as a useful self-enhancement 20 strategy. 21

Foresee the glory and train better: Narcissism, goal-setting, and athlete training.