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Nowhere in the literature of the beginnings of speech during infancy can there be found a systematic and comprehensive account of speech development during the first six months of life. Such accounts as exist are sketchy and for the most part nonconsecutive. The best statements are by Tracy (21), Preyer (IS), the Sterns (19), Lewis (13), and Leopold (12). Observations are restricted for the most part to one or two children of the writers themselves. An exhaustive treatment of the literature of the whole range of infancy will not be attempted here. However, a running summary of reports covering speech sounds during the first six months will be presented. One of the earliest reports on the order of appearance of vowel sounds is that by Lobische (14). As cited by Tracy (21), this order is: a, e, o, u, i. Lobische held that the labials m, b, p are the first consonants, an opinion which has cropped up again and again in the literature during the last 90 years. The labials are followed in order by d, s, g, w, f, ch, k, r, sch. Preyer criticizes Lobische's sequence as "going far beyond pure observation." Sigismund (18), according to Tracy, found the vowel sequence to be a, a, u, ei, o, i, S, u, du, aw. Schultze (16) held that the vowels ought to appear in the order: A, A, U, 0, E, I, 0, V. Preyer (15) admits that a is one of the first vowels, but criticizes Schultze in considering it invariably the first. Tracy (21) indicated the fact that vowels usually precede consonants and believed that, of the vowels, a (as in calm) with its various shadings is generally the first to appear. He also pointed out that before the sixth month "the primitive vowels are combined with one another and with consonants to produce the first syllabic utterances" (p. 127). In a number of cases the labials b, p, m make their appearance. Sometimes, however, g or k precedes them. R and I, which usually are the last to appear, are used by some children quite early. The consonant w, which, according to Tracy, is an easy one, combined with the easy vowel a, yields the combination ma, which eventuates into mama. "In the case of

Research on speech sounds for the first six months of life.