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Understanding of the exotic quantum phenomena in bulk bismuth beyond itsultraquantum limit still remains controversial and gives rise to a renewedinterest. The focus of the issues is whether these quantum properties have aconventional bulk nature or just the surface effect due to the significantspin-orbital interaction and in relation to the Bi-based topologicalinsulators. Here, we present angular-dependent magnetoresistance (AMR)measurements on single-crystal bismuth nanoribbons of different thickness withmagnetic fields up to 31 T. In thin nanoribbons with thickness of ~40 nm, atwo-fold rational symmetry of the low field AMR spectra and two sets of1/2-shifted (i.e. {\gamma}=1/2) Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) quantum oscillationswith exact two- dimensional (2D) character were obtained. However, when thethickness of the ribbon increases, a 3D bulk-like SdH oscillations with{\gamma}=0 and a four-fold rotational symmetry of the AMR spectra appear. Theseresults unambiguously provided the first transport evidence of the topological2D metallic surface states in thinner nanoribbons with an insulating bulk. Ourobservations provide a promising pathway to understand the quantum phenomena inBi arising from the surface states.

Evidence of topological two-dimensional metallic surface states in thin bismuth nanoribbons