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Inspired by recent measurements on individual metallic nanospheres that cannot be explained with traditional classical electrodynamics, we theoreticallyinvestigate the effects of nonlocal response by metallic nanospheres in threedistinct settings: atomic spontaneous emission, electron energy lossspectroscopy, and light scattering. These constitute two near-field and onefar-field measurements, with zero-, one-, and two-dimensional excitationsources, respectively. We search for the clearest signatures of hydrodynamicpressure waves in nanospheres. We employ a linearized hydrodynamic model andMie-Lorenz theory is applied for each case. Nonlocal response shows its mark inall three configurations, but for the two near-field measurements we predictespecially pronounced nonlocal effects that are not exhibited in far-fieldmeasurements. Associated with every multipole order is not only a singleblueshifted surface plasmon, but also an infinite series of bulk plasmons thathas no counterpart in a local-response approximation. We show that theseincreasingly blueshifted multipole plasmons become spectrally more prominent atshorter probe-to-surface separations and for decreasing nanosphere radii. Forselected metals we predict hydrodynamic multipolar plasmons to be measurable onsingle nanospheres.

Nonlocal Response of Metallic Nanospheres Probed by Light, Electrons, and Atoms