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We demonstrate a high-contrast electro-optic modulation of a photonic crystalnanocavity integrated with an electrically gated monolayer graphene. A highquality (Q) factor air-slot nanocavity design is employed for high overlapbetween the optical field and graphene sheet. Tuning of graphene's Fermi levelup to 0.8 eV enables efficient control of its complex dielectric constant,which allows modulation of the cavity reflection in excess of 10 dB for a swingvoltage of only 1.5 V. We also observe a controllable resonance wavelengthshift close to 2 nm around a wavelength of 1570 nm and a Q factor modulation inexcess of three. These observations allow cavity-enhanced measurements of thegraphene complex dielectric constant under different chemical potentials, inagreement with a theoretical model of the graphene dielectric constant undergating. This graphene-based nanocavity modulation demonstrates the feasibilityof high-contrast, low-power frequency-selective electro-optic nanocavitymodulators in graphene-integrated silicon photonic chips.

High-Contrast Electro-Optic Modulation of a Photonic Crystal Nanocavity by Electrical Gating of Graphene