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We demonstrate in this paper the influence of solvent quality on thestructure of the semi-dilute solution of a hydrophobic polyelectrolyte,partially sulfonated Poly-Styrene Sulfonate. Two solvents are used: (i) onemixture of water and an organic solvent: THF, which is also slightly polar;(ii) DMSO, a polar organic solvent. In case (i), it is shown by SAXS study thatthe structure - namely the scattering from all chains, characterised by amaximum ("polyelectrolyte peak"), of the aqueous hydrophobic polyelectrolytesolutions (PSS) depends on the solvent quality through the added amount oforganic solvent THF. This dependence is more pronounced when the sulfonationrate is low (more hydrophobic polyelectrolyte). It is proposed that when THF isadded, the chain conformation evolves from the pearl necklace shape alreadyreported in pure water, towards the conformation in pure water for fullysulfonated PSS, which is string-like as also reported previously. On thecontrary, for a hydrophilic polyelectrolyte, AMAMPS, no evolution occurs withadded THF in the aqueous solution. In case (ii), it is shown directly by SANSstudy that PSS can behave as a classical solvophilic polyelectrolyte whendissolved in an organic polar solvent such as DMSO: the structure (totalscattering) as well as the form factor (single chain scattering measured bySANS using the Zero Average Contrast method) of the PSS chains is independentof the charge content in agreement with Manning condensation, and identical tothe one of a fully charged PSS chain in pure water, which has a classicalpolyelectrolyte behaviour in the semi-dilute regime.

Hydrophobic Polyelectrolytes in Better Polar Solvent. Structure and Chain Conformation as seen by Saxs and Sans