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The interactions among neutral polymer polyacrylamide (PAM) and thebiosurfactant Surfactin and four betaines,N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (SDDAB),N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (STDAB),N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (SHDAB), andN-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-ammonio-acetate (C12BE), in phosphate buffer solution(PBS) have been studied by surface tension measurements, small-angle neutronscattering (SANS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and rheologicalexperiments. It has been confirmed that the length of alkyl chain is a keyparameter of interaction between betaines and PAM. Differences in scatteringcontrast between X-ray and neutrons for surfactants and PAM molecules providethe opportunity to separately follow the changes of structure of PAM andsurfactant aggregates. At concentrations of betaines higher than CMC (criticalmicelle concentration) and C2 (CMC of surfactant with the presence of polymer),spherical micelles are formed in betaines and betaines/PAM solutions.Transition from spherical to rod-like aggregates (micelles) has been observedin solutions of Surfactin and Surfactin/SDDAB ({\alpha}Surfactin = 0.67 (molarfraction)) with addition of 0.8 wt % of PAM. The conformation change of PAMmolecules only can be observed for Surfactin/SDDAB/PAM system. Viscosity valuesfollow the structural changes suggested from scattering measurements i.e.,gradually increases for mixtures PAM -> Surfactin/PAM -> Surfactin/SDDAB/PAM inPBS.

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Insights into the interactions among Surfactin, betaines, and PAM:  surface tension, small-angle neutron scattering, and small-angle X-ray  scattering study