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The Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) antennae complex, responsible for lightharvesting in green sulfur bacteria, consists of three monomers, each withseven chromophores. Here we show that multiple subsystems of the sevenchromophores can transfer energy from either chromophore 1 or 6 to the reactioncenter with an efficiency matching or in many cases exceeding that of the fullseven chromophore system. In the FMO complex these functional subsystemssupport multiple quantum pathways for efficient energy transfer that provide abuilt-in quantum redundancy. There are many instances of redundancy in nature,providing reliability and protection, and in photosynthetic light harvestingthis quantum redundancy provides protection against the temporary or permanentloss of one or more chromophores. The complete characterization of functionalsubsystems within the FMO complex offers a detailed map of the energy flowwithin the FMO complex, which has potential applications to the design of moreefficient photovoltaic devices.

Functional Subsystems and Quantum Redundancy in Photosynthetic Light Harvesting