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The mechanism and structural requirements for ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde were examined on VOx domains supported on γ-Al2O3 at surface densities of 1.7−11.8 VOx/nm2. Raman and UV−visible spectra showed that VOx species evolve from monovanadate to polyvanadate structures with increasing surface density with only traces of crystalline V2O5. Oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethanol to acetaldehyde occurs at low temperatures (473−523 K) with high primary selectivities of CH3CHO (∼80%) on a catalyst with one theoretical polyvanadate monolayer. ODH turnover rates (per V-atom) increased with increasing VOx surface density for surface densities up to 7.2 V/nm2, indicating that polyvanadate domain surfaces are more reactive than monovanadate structures. Similar trends were evident for alkane ODH reactions that also involve kinetically relevant H-abstraction steps within reduction−oxidation catalytic sequences. Turnover rates ultimately decreased at higher surface densities because of the incipient formatio...

Mechanism and Site Requirements for Ethanol Oxidation on Vanadium Oxide Domains