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Water interactions with organic surfaces are of central importance inbiological systems and many Earth system processes. Here we describeexperimental studies of water collisions and uptake kinetics on liquid andsolid butanol from 160 to 200 K. Hyperthermal D2O molecules (0.32 eV) undergoefficient trapping on both solid and liquid butanol, and only a minor fractionscatters inelastically after an 80% loss of kinetic energy to surface modes.Trapped molecules either desorb within a few ms, or are taken up by the butanolphase during longer times. The water uptake and surface residence time increasewith temperature above 180 K indicating melting of the butanol surface 4.5 Kbelow the bulk melting temperature. Water uptake changes gradually across themelting point and trapped molecules are rapidly lost by diffusion into theliquid above 190 K. This indicates that liquid butanol maintains a surfacephase with limited water permeability up to 5.5 K above the melting point.These surface observations are indicative of an incremental change from solidto liquid butanol over a range of 10 K straddling the bulk melting temperature,in contrast to the behavior of bulk butanol and previously studied materials.

Surface Transformations and Water Uptake on Liquid and Solid Butanol near the Melting Temperature