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We propose a thermoelectric cooling device based on an atomic-sized junction.Using first-principles approaches, we investigate the working conditions andthe coefficient of performance (COP) of an atomic-scale electronic refrigeratorwhere the effects of phonon's thermal current and local heating are included.It is observed that the functioning of the thermoelectric nano-refrigerator isrestricted to a narrow range of driving voltages. Compared with the bulkthermoelectric system with the overwhelmingly irreversible Joule heating, the4-Al atomic refrigerator has a higher efficiency than a bulk thermoelectricrefrigerator with the same $ZT$ due to suppressed local heating via thequasi-ballistic electron transport and small driving voltages. Quantum naturedue to the size minimization offered by atomic-level control of propertiesfacilitates electron cooling beyond the expectation of the conventionalthermoelectric device theory.

Effect of Thermoelectric Cooling in Nanoscale Junctions