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The electronic and vibrational structure of beta-carotene's early excited states are examined using femtosecond time-resolved stimulated Raman spectroscopy. The vibrational spectrum of the short-lived ( approximately 160 fs) second excited singlet state (S(2),1B(u) (+))of beta-carotene is obtained. Broad, resonantly enhanced vibrational features are observed at approximately 1100, 1300, and 1650 cm(-1) that decay with a time constant corresponding to the electronic lifetime of S(2). The temporal evolution of the vibrational spectra are consistent with significant population of only two low-lying excited electronic states (1B(u) (+) and 2A(g) (-)) in the ultrafast relaxation pathway of beta-carotene.

Femtosecond Time-Resolved Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy of the S2 (1Bu+) Excited State of β-Carotene

Femtosecond Time-Resolved Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy of the S₂ (1B_u⁺) Excited State of β-Carotene