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Hard spherocylinders (cylinders of length $L$ and diameter $D$ capped at bothends with two hemispheres) provide a suitable model for investigatingentropy-driven, mesophase formations in real colloidal fluids that are composedof rigid rodlike molecules. We performed extensive Monte Carlo simulations ofthis model fluid for elongations in the range $3 \leq L/D \leq 5$ and up to$L/D = 20$, in order to investigate the relative importance of translationaland orientational correlations allowing for the emergence of nematic or smecticorder in the framework of the so-called residual multi-particle entropy (RMPE).The vanishing of this quantity, which includes the re-summed contributions ofall spatial correlations involving more than two particles, signals thestructural changes which take place, at increasing densities, in the isotropicfluid. We found that the ordering thresholds detected through the zero-RMPEcondition systematically correlate with the corresponding phase-transitionpoints, whatever the nature of the higher-density phase coexisting with theisotropic fluid.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, Final version with minor revisions. In press on  J. Phys. Chem. B (2002

Entropy and Correlations in a Fluid of Hard Spherocylinders: The Onset of Nematic and Smectic Order