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Fusion of three benzene rings in a triangular fashion gives rise to thesmallest open-shell graphene fragment, the phenalenyl radical, whose${\pi}$-extension leads to an entire family of non-Kekul\'e triangularnanographenes with high-spin ground states. Here, we report the first synthesisof unsubstituted phenalenyl on a Au(111) surface, which is achieved bycombining in-solution synthesis of the hydro-precursor and on-surfaceactivation by atomic manipulation, using the tip of a scanning tunnelingmicroscope (STM). Single-molecule structural and electronic characterizationconfirm its open-shell S = 1/2 ground state that gives rise to Kondo screeningon the Au(111) surface. In addition, we compare the phenalenyl's electronicproperties with those of triangulene, the second homolog in the series, whose S= 1 ground state induces an underscreened Kondo effect. Our results set a newlower size-limit in the on-surface synthesis of magnetic nanographenes that canserve as building blocks for the realization of new exotic quantum phases ofmatter.

Direct observation of the magnetic ground state of the two smallest triangular nanographenes