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A new class of thermally activated delayed fluorescent donor-acceptor-donor-acceptor (D-A-D-A) π-conjugated macrocycle comprised of two U-shaped electron-acceptors (dibenzo[ a , j ]phenazine) and two electron-donors ( N , N '-diphenyl- p -phenyelendiamine) has been rationally designed and successfully synthesized. The macrocyclic compound displayed polymorphs-dependent conformations and emission properties. Comparative studies on physicochemical properties of the macrocycle with a linear surrogate have revealed significant effects of the structural cyclization of the D-A-repeating unit, including more efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Furthermore, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device fabricated with the macrocycle compound as the emitter has achieved a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 11.6%, far exceeding the theoretical maximum (5%) of conventional fluorescent emitters and that with linear analogue (6.9%).

Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Donor–Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor π-Conjugated Macrocycle for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes