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Covalently linked single-crystalline porous organic materials are highly desired for structure-property analysis; however, periodically polymerizing organic entities into high dimensional networks is challenging. Here, we report a series of topologically divergent single-crystalline hydrogen-bonded cross-linked organic frameworks (H C OFs) with visible guest-induced elastic expansions, which mutually integrate high structural order and high flexibility into one framework. These H C OFs are synthesized by photo-cross-linking molecular crystals with alkyldithiols of different chain lengths. Their detailed structural information was revealed by single-crystal X-ray analysis and experimental investigations of H C OFs and their corresponding single-crystalline analogues. Upon guest adsorption, H C OF-2 crystals composed of a 3D self-entangled polymer network undergo anisotropic expansion to more than twice their original size, while the 2D-bilayer H C OF-3 crystals exhibit visible, layered sorption bands and form delaminated sheets along the plane of its 2D layers. The dynamic expansion of H C OF networks creates guest-induced porosity with over 473% greater volume than their permanent voids, as calculated from their record-breaking aqueous iodine adsorption capacities. Temperature-gated DMSO sorption investigations illustrated that the flexible nature of cross-linkers in H C OFs provides positive entropy from the coexistence of multiple conformations to allow for elastic expansion and contraction of the frameworks.

Topochemical Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Hydrogen-Bonded Cross-Linked Organic Frameworks and Their Guest-Induced Elastic Expansion