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Experiments and computer simulations have established that liquid water'ssurfaces can deviate in important ways from familiar bulk behavior. Even in thesimplest case of an air-water interface, distinctive layering, orientationalbiases, and hydrogen bond arrangements have been reported, but an overarchingpicture of their origins and relationships has been incomplete. Here we showthat a broad set of such observations can be understood through an analogy withthe basal face of crystalline ice. Using simulations, we specificallydemonstrate that water and ice surfaces share a set of structural featuressuggesting the presence of nanometer-scale ice-like domains at the air-waterinterface. Most prominent is a shared characteristic layering of moleculardensity and orientation perpendicular to the interface. Similarities intwo-point correlations of hydrogen bond network geometry point to sharedice-like intermolecular structure in the parallel direction as well. Ourresults bolster and significantly extend previous conceptions of ice-likestructure at the liquid's boundary, and suggest that the much-discussedquasi-liquid layer on ice evolves subtly above the melting point into aquasi-ice layer at the surface of liquid water.

Local ice-like structure at the liquid water surface