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Nanomaterials hold much promise for biological applications, but they requireappropriate functionalization to provide biocompatibility in biologicalenvironments. For non-covalent functionalization with biocompatible polymers,the polymer must also remain attached to the nanomaterial after removal of itsexcess to mimic the high dilution conditions of administration in vivo.Reported here are the synthesis and utilization singly-substituted conjugatesof dextran and a phospholipid (Dextran-DSPE) as stable coatings fornanomaterials. Suspensions of single walled carbon nanotubes were found notonly to be stable to phosphate buffered saline (PBS), serum, and a variety ofpHs after excess polymer removal, but also provide brighter photoluminescencethan carbon nanotubes suspended by poly(ethylene glycol)-DSPE. In addition,both gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and gold nanorods (AuNRs) were found tomaintain their dispersion and characteristic optical absorbance after transferinto Dextran-DSPE, and were obtained in much better yield than similarsuspensions with PEG-phospholipid and commonly used thiol-PEG. Thesesuspensions were also stable to PBS, serum, and a variety of pHs after removalof excess polymer. Dextran-DSPE thus shows great promise as a generalsurfactant material for the functionalization of a variety of nanomaterials,which could facilitate future biological applications.

Phospholipid-Dextran with a Single Coupling Point: a Useful Amphiphile for Functionalization of Nanomaterials