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Despite the great promise of carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs) for applications in chemical and biochemical detection, a quantitativeunderstanding of sensor responses is lacking. To explore the role ofelectrostatics in sensor transduction, experiments were conducted with a set ofhighly similar compounds designed to adsorb onto the CNT FET via a pyrenelinker group and take on a set of known charge states under ambient conditions.Acidic and basic species were observed to induce threshold voltage shifts ofopposite sign, consistent with gating of the CNT FET by local charges due toprotonation or deprotonation of pyrene compounds by interfacial water. Themagnitude of the gate voltage shift was controlled by the distance between thecharged group and the CNT. Additionally, functionalization with an un-chargedpyrene compound showed a threshold shift ascribed to its molecular dipolemoment. This work illustrates a method to produce CNT FETs with controlledvalues of the turnoff gate voltage, and more generally, these results willinform the development of quantitative models for the response of CNT FETchemical and biochemical sensors.

Towards Quantifying the electrostatic transduction mechanism in carbon nanotube molecular sensors