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The Contact Angle. One of the moot points concerning the validity o i results with the capillary rise method of determining surface tension is the question as to whether or not the meniscus of the liquid surface is exactly tangent to the inner wall of the capillary tube at its highest point. This is, of course, an important question, demanding definitive answer. Various attempts to settle i t have been made with varying results2 The consensus of opinion seems to be that in most cases the angle of contact is zero; but more convincing evidence is needed. 'I'he present method consisted in the direct observation of the angles of reflcction of rays of light from the region immediately surrounding the line of union of the liquid and glass. X rectangular glass vessel (the lower part of a f a t moulded bottle) was filled with the liquid to overflowing; and in it was stood vertically a piece of carelully cleaned plate glass. fine bundle of horizontal parallel light rays (obtained by passing light from a Nernst glower through a collimator and then through an inclined spectroscope slit) was allowed to fall upon the plate glass in such a manner that the upper rays struck the glass above the liquid while the lower ones struck the liquid as it curved up t o the glass. The rays striking the glass must be reflected horizontally, but those striking the liquid must be reflected upwards at angles equal to twice the departure of the liquid from the vertical. discontinuity between the two reflections would indicate a contact angle between the liquid and the solid. When in use the receptacle was enclosed in a blackened wooden box, the interior of which had been saturated u-ith the vapor of the liquid by a dish of the slightly warm liquid. The reflected rays were usually caused

journal of the american chemical society

A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE CAPILLARY RISE METHOD OF DETERMINING SURFACE TENSION, WITH DATA FOR WATER, BENZENE, TOLUENE, CHLOROFORM, CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, ETHER AND DIMETHYL ANILINE. [SECOND PAPER.]<sup>1</sup>

A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE CAPILLARY RISE METHOD OF DETERMINING SURFACE TENSION, WITH DATA FOR WATER, BENZENE, TOLUENE, CHLOROFORM, CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, ETHER AND DIMETHYL ANILINE. [SECOND PAPER.]1

A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE CAPILLARY RISE METHOD OF DETERMINING SURFACE TENSION, WITH DATA FOR WATER, BENZENE, TOLUENE, CHLOROFORM, CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, ETHER AND DIMETHYL ANILINE. [SECOND PAPER.]¹