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Field studies were conducted in the winter of 2010 at two rural sites and anurban site in western Japan, and filter samples of total suspended particulatematter were collected every 24-h and analyzed for concentration and stablecarbon isotope ratio (delta13C) of low volatile water-soluble organic carbon(LV-WSOC). Concentration of major chemical species in fine aerosol (<1.0micron) was also measured in real time by Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometers.Oxidation state of organic aerosol was evaluated using the proportion of signalat m/z 44 (fragment ions of carboxyl group) to the sum of all m/z signals oforganic mass spectra (f44). Analyses show a high correlation between LV-WSOCand m/z 44 concentrations, suggesting that the LV-WSOC is likely associatedwith water soluble carboxylic acids in the fine aerosol. Plots of delta13C ofLV-WSOC versus f44 exhibit systematic trends at the rural sites and randomvariation at the urban site. The systematic trends qualitatively agree with asimple binary mixture model of secondary organic aerosol and background LV-WSOCthat has delta13C of -17 permil or higher and f44 of approximately 0.06,respectively. Comparison with references suggests that the source of backgroundLV-WSOC is likely biomass burning of C4 plants.

environmental science and technology

Transboundary secondary organic aerosol in western Japan indicated by  stable carbon isotope ratio of low volatile water-soluble organic carbon and  signal at m/z 44 in organic aerosol mass spectra