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DNA methylation is deficient in a histone deacetylase 1 (HDA1) mutant (hda-1) strain of Neurospora crassa with inactivated histone deacetylase 1. Difference two-dimensional (2D) gels identified the primary histone deacetylase 1 target as histone H2B. Acetylation was identified by LC-MS/MS at five different lysines in wild-type H2B and at 11 lysines in hda-1 H2B, suggesting Neurospora H2B is a complex combination of different acetylated species. Individual 2D gel spots were shifted by single lysine acetylations. FTICR MS-observed methylation ladders identify an ensemble of 20-25 or more modified forms for each 2D gel spot. Twelve different lysines or arginines were methylated in H2B from the wild type or hda-1; only two were in the N-terminal tail. Arginines were modified by monomethylation, dimethylation, or deimination. H2B from wild-type and hda-1 ensembles may thus differ by acetylation at multiple sites, and by additional modifications. Combined with asymmetry-generated diversity in H2B structural states in nucleosome core particles, the extensive modifications identified here can create substantial histone-generated structural diversity in nucleosome core particles.

Extensive and Varied Modifications in Histone H2B of Wild-Type and Histone Deacetylase 1 Mutant Neurospora crassa