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With the usage of two transparent electrodes, organic solar cells aresemitransparent and may be combined to parallel-connected multi-junctiondevices or used for innovative applications like power-generating windows. Achallenging issue is the optimization of the electrodes, in order to combinehigh transparency with adequate electric properties. In the present work, westudy the potential of sputter-deposited aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) as analternative to the widely used but relatively expensive indium tin oxide (ITO)as cathode material in semitransparent polymer-fullerene solar cells.Concerning the anode, we utilized an insulator/metal/insulator structure basedon ultra-thin Au films embedded between two evaporated MoO$_3$ layers, with theouter MoO$_3$ film (capping layer) serving as a light coupling layer. Theperformance of the ITO-free semitransparent solar cells is systematicallystudied as dependent on the thickness of the capping layer and the activelayer, as well as the illumination direction. These variations are found tohave strong impact on the obtained photocurrent. We performed opticalsimulations of the electric field distribution within the devices to analyzethe origin of the current variations and provide deep insight in the devicephysics. With the conventional absorber materials studied herein, optimizedITO-free and semitransparent devices reached 2.0% power conversion efficiencyand a maximum optical transmission of 60%, with the device concept beingpotentially transferable to other absorber materials.

Semitransparent Polymer-Based Solar Cells with Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Electrodes