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The possibility to tailor photoluminescence (PL) of monolayer transitionmetal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) using external factors such as strain, doping andexternal environment is of significant interest for optoelectronicapplications. Strain in particular can be exploited as a means to continuouslyvary the bandgap. Micrometer-scale strain gradients were proposed for creating'artificial atoms' that can utilize the so-called exciton funneling effect andwork, for example, as exciton condensers. Here we describe room-temperature PLemitters that naturally occur whenever monolayer TMDC is deposited on anatomically flat substrate. These are hydrocarbon-filled bubbles which providepredictable, localized PL from well-separated submicron areas. Their emissionenergy is determined by the built-in strain controlled only by the substratematerial, such that both the maximum strain and the strain profile areuniversal for all bubbles on a given substrate, i.e., independent of the bubblesize. We show that for bubbles formed by monolayer MoS2, PL can be tunedbetween 1.72 to 1.81 eV by choosing bulk PtSe2, WS2, MoS2 or graphite as asubstrate and its intensity is strongly enhanced by the funneling effect.Strong substrate-dependent quenching of the PL in areas of good contact betweenMoS2 and the substrate ensures localization of the luminescence to bubblesonly; by employing optical reflectivity measurements we identify the mechanismsresponsible for the quenching. Given the variety of available monolayer TMDCsand atomically flat substrates and the ease of creating such bubbles, ourfindings open a venue for making and studying the discussed light-emitting'artificial atoms' that could be used in applications.

Strained bubbles in van der Waals heterostructures as local emitters of photoluminescence with adjustable wavelength