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Frequency up-conversion of a few low-energy photons into a single high-energyphoton contributes to imaging, light sources, and detection. However, theup-converting of many photons exhibits negligible efficiency. Up-conversionthrough laser heating is an efficient means to generate energetic photons, yetthe spectrally broad thermal-emission and the challenge of operating at hightemperatures limit its practicality. Heating specific modes can potentiallygenerate narrow up-converted emission; however, so far such "hot-carriers" havebeen observed only in down-conversion processes and as having a negligiblelifetime, due to fast thermalization. Here we experimentally demonstrateup-conversion by excitation of a steady-state non-thermal-equilibriumpopulation, which induces steady, narrow emission at a practical bulktemperature. Specifically, we used a 10.6um laser to generate 980nm narrowemission with 4% total efficiency and up-converted radiance that far exceedsthe device s possible black-body radiation. This opens the way for thedevelopment of new light sources with record efficiencies.

Efficient tenfold up-conversion through steady-state non-thermal-equilibrium excitation