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In this work, the photocatalytic performance enhancement of hydrothermally prepared TiO 2 was achieved by facile vacuum annealing treatment. Calcination of TiO 2 powder in air (CA-TiO 2 ) maintained its white color, while gray powder was obtained when the annealing was performed under vacuum (CV-TiO 2 ). Fourier transform infrared, total organic carbon, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance analyses proved that vacuum annealing transformed ethanol adsorbed on the surface of TiO 2 into carbon-related species accompanied by the formation of surface oxygen vacancies (Vo). The residual carbon-related species on the surface of CV-TiO 2 favored its adsorption of organic dyes. Compared with TiO 2 and CA-TiO 2 , CV-TiO 2 exhibited an improved charge carrier separation with surface Vo as trapping sites for electrons. Vacuum annealing-induced improvement of crystallinity, enhancement of adsorption capacity, and formation of surface Vo contributed to the excellent photocatalytic activity of CV-TiO 2 , which was superior to that of commercial TiO 2 (P25, Degussa). Obviously, vacuum annealing-triggered decomposition of ethanol played an important role in the modification of TiO 2 . In the presence of ethanol, vacuum annealing was also suitable for the introduction of Vo into P25. Therefore, the current work offers an easy approach for the modification of TiO 2 to enhance its photocatalytic performance by facile vacuum annealing in the presence of ethanol.

Facile Vacuum Annealing-Induced Modification of TiO2 with an Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance

Facile Vacuum Annealing-Induced Modification of TiO₂ with an Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance