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5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a promising high value-added platform chemical, which can be produced from glucose, fructose, or lignocellulosic biomass via catalysis technology. However, the effective separation of 5-HMF from aqueous solution and actual biomass hydrolysate is still challenging because 5-HMF can be further rehydrated into levulinic acid (LA) and formic acid (FA) under acidic conditions. Herein, the adsorption behavior of glucose and 5-HMF and its follow-up products (LA and FA) from aqueous solutions onto polymeric adsorbents modified with various functional groups (XAD-4, XAD7HP, and XAD761 resins) was systematically investigated. The results showed that XAD761 resin exhibited the highest adsorption selectivity (α 5-HMF/glucose = 42.42 ± 5.84, α 5-HMF/FA = 18.41 ± 0.50, and α 5-HMF/LA = 3.01 ± 0.10) and capacity for 5-HMF (106 mg g -1 wet resin). The adsorption equilibrium was better fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model at the studied range of 5-HMF concentrations. The thermodynamic study and activation energy also revealed that the adsorption process of XAD761 resin for 5-HMF was spontaneous, exothermic, and physical. The kinetic regression results revealed that the kinetic data of 5-HMF was accurately followed by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the potential of phenol formaldehyde resin with hydroxyl groups could be used as an adsorbent for aldehyde organic compounds.

Adsorption of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, Levulinic Acid, Formic Acid, and Glucose Using Polymeric Resins Modified with Different Functional Groups