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In this paper, blister formation on a lined fluoropolymer-steel substrate's exposure to water and hydrochloride acid solution at different temperatures and temperature gradients was studied. The higher the temperature gradient between the lining and the substrate, the faster the blister will form. In the absence of a temperature gradient, the temperature also affects the formation of blisters. The higher the working environment temperature, the faster the blistering will appear. Even so, the role of temperature gradients in promoting blistering is far greater than that of temperature. The concentration of HCl solution also affects the formation of blisters. Blistering occurs more slowly in high-concentration solutions and water is determined to be the main cause of blister formation.

Blistering behavior of a Lined Fluoropolymer-steel Substrate on Exposure to a HCl Acid Aqueous Environment