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The ability of mixing colors with remarkable results had long been exclusiveto the talents of master painters. By finely combining colors at differentamounts on the palette intuitively, they obtain smooth gradients with any givencolor. Creating such smooth color variations through scattering by thestructural patterning of a surface, as opposed to color pigments, has longremained a challenge. Here, we borrow from the painter's approach anddemonstrate color mixing generated by an optical metasurface. We propose asingle-layer plasmonic color pixel and a method for nanophotonic structuralcolor mixing based on the additive RGB color model. The color pixels consist ofplasmonic nanorod arrays that generate vivid primary colors and enableindependent control of color brightness without affecting chromaticity, bysimply varying geometric in-plane parameters. By interleaving different nanorodarrays, we combine up to three primary colors on a single pixel. Based on this,two and three color mixing is demonstrated, enabling the continuous coverage ofa plasmonic RGB color gamut and yielding a palette with a virtually unlimitednumber of colors. With this multi-resonant color pixel, we show thephotorealistic printing of color and monochrome images at the nanoscale, withultra-smooth transitions in color and brightness. Our color mixing approach canbe applied to a broad range of scatterer designs and materials, and has thepotential to be used for multi-wavelength color filters and dynamicphotorealistic displays.

A plasmonic painter's method of color mixing for a continuous RGB palette