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Ionizing radiation (gamma and x-ray) is widely used in industry and medicine,but it can also pose a significant hazardous effect on health and inducecancer, physical deformity and even death, due to DNA damages and invasion offree radicals. There is therefore an urgent unmet demand in designing highlyefficient radioprotectants with synergetic integration of effective renalclearance and low toxicity. In this study, we designed ultrasmall (sub-5 nm)highly catalytically active and cysteine-protected MoS2 dots asradioprotectants and investigated their application in protection againstionizing radiation. In vivo preclinical studies showed that the survivingfraction of MoS2-treated mice can appreciably increase to up to 79 % when theywere exposed to high-energy ionizing radiation. Furthermore, MoS2 dots cancontribute in cleaning up the accumulated free radicals within the body,repairing DNA damages and recovering all vital chemical and biochemicalindicators, suggesting their unique role as free radical scavengers. MoS2 dotsshowed rapid and efficient urinary excretion with more than 80 % injected dose(I.D.) eliminated from the body after 24 hours due to their ultrasmallhydrodynamic size and did not cause any noticeable toxic responses up to 30days.

Highly Catalytic Nanodots with Renal Clearance for Radiation Protection