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Artificial spin ice systems have seen burgeoning interest due to theirintriguing physics and potential applications in reprogrammable memory, logicand magnonics. Integration of artificial spin ice with functional magnonics isa relatively recent research direction, with a host of promising results. Asthe field progresses, direct in-depth comparisons of distinct artificial spinsystems are crucial to advancing the field. While studies have investigated theeffects of different lattice geometries, little comparison exists betweensystems comprising continuously connected nanostructures, where spin-wavespropagate via dipole-exchange interaction, and systems with nanobarsdisconnected at vertices where spin-wave propagation occurs via straydipolar-field. Gaining understanding of how these very different couplingmethods affect both spin-wave dynamics and magnetic reversal is key for thefield to progress and provides crucial system-design information including forfuture systems containing combinations of connected and disconnected elements.Here, we study the magnonic response of two kagome spin ices via Brillouinlight scattering, a continuously connected system and a disconnected systemwith vertex gaps. We observe distinct high-frequency dynamics and magnetizationreversal regimes between the systems, with key distinctions in spin-wavelocalization and mode quantization, microstate-trajectory during reversal andinternal field-profiles. These observations are pertinent for the fundamentalunderstanding of artificial spin systems and broader design and engineering ofreconfigurable functional magnonic crystals.

Comparison of Spin-Wave Modes in Connected and Disconnected Artificial Spin Ice Nanostructures Using Brillouin Light Scattering Spectroscopy