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The relationship between the homogeneous and heterogeneous phases of a catalyst is widely neglected in part due to the inherent differences between the experimental and theoretical techniques employed to study them. It is well-known that, under reaction conditions, many homogeneous catalysts deactivate and generate black metals (i.e., nanoparticles). Simultaneously, heterogeneous catalysts tend to suffer of leaching processes under harsh conditions, which produce the formation of species in the homogeneous phase (i.e., volatile or organometallic species). To unravel the links between these two types of catalytic species, we have taken PdAu catalysts in the oxidation of crotyl alcohol to crotonaldehyde and investigated the reaction process for both homogeneous and heterogeneous phases. We show that the process is possible in both phases and, essentially, contains the same elementary steps. The results indicate that the homogeneous catalyst is slightly more active; however, the enhanced stability of the het...

The Interplay between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Phases of PdAu Catalysts for the Oxidation of Alcohols