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The assembly and stabilization of a finite number of nanocrystals in contactin water could maximize the optical absorption per unit of material. Some localplasmonic properties exploited in applications, such as photothermia andoptical signal amplification, would also be maximized which is important in theperspective of mass producing nanostructures at a lower cost. The main lock isthat bringing charged particles in close contact requires the charges to bescreened/suppressed, which leads to the rapid formation of micrometricaggregates. In this article, we show that aggregates containing less than 60particles in contact can be obtained with a milli-flow system composed ofturbulent mixers and flow reactors. This process allows to stop a fastnon-equilibrium colloidal aggregation process at millisecond times after theinitiation of the aggregation process which allows to control the aggregationnumber. As a case study, we considered the rapid mixing of citrate coated goldnanoparticles (NP) and AlCl3 in water to initiate a fast aggregation controlledby diffusion. Injecting a solution of polycation using a second mixer allowedus to arrest the aggregation process after a reaction time by formation ofovercharged cationic aggregates. We obtained within seconds stable dispersionsof a few milliliters composed of particle aggregates. Our main result is toshow that it is possible to master the average aggregation number between 2 and60 NP per aggregate by varying the a reaction time between 10 ms and 1 s.

Flash Colloidal Gold Nanoparticle Assembly in a Milli Flow System: Implications for Thermoplasmonic and for the Amplification of Optical Signals