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Ferroelectric materials, such as tetragonal barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), have been widely used in a variety of areas including bioimaging, biosensing, and high power switching devices. However, conventional methods for the synthesis of tetragonal phase BaTiO 3 usually require toxic organic reagents and high temperature treatments, and are thus not environment-friendly and energy-efficient. Here, we took advantage of the phage display technique to develop a novel strategy for the synthesis of BaTiO 3 nanowires. We identified a short BaTiO 3 -binding/nucleating peptide, CRGATPMSC (named RS), from a phage-displayed random peptide library by biopanning technique and then genetically fused the peptide to the major coat protein (pVIII) of filamentous M13 phages to form the pVIII-RS phages. We found that the resultant phages could not only bind with the presynthesized BaTiO 3 crystals but also induce the nucleation of uniform tetragonal BaTiO 3 nanocrystals at room temperature and without the use of toxic reagents to form one-dimensional polycrystalline BaTiO 3 nanowires. This approach enables the green synthesis of BaTiO 3 polycrystalline nanowires with potential applications in bioimaging and biosensing fields.

acs applied materials and interfaces

Identification of Novel Short BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-Binding/Nucleating Peptides for Phage-Templated in Situ Synthesis of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Polycrystalline Nanowires at Room Temperature

Identification of Novel Short BaTiO3-Binding/Nucleating Peptides for Phage-Templated in Situ Synthesis of BaTiO3 Polycrystalline Nanowires at Room Temperature

Identification of Novel Short BaTiO₃-Binding/Nucleating Peptides for Phage-Templated in Situ Synthesis of BaTiO₃ Polycrystalline Nanowires at Room Temperature