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Since the discovery of a 'giant' spin Hall effect (SHE) in certain heavymetal elements there has been an intense effort to identify and develop new andtechnologically viable, heavy-metal-based thin film materials that couldgenerate spin currents with even greater efficiency to exert spin-orbit torques(SOT) on adjacent ferromagnetic nanostructures. In parallel, there have beenwide ranging fundamental studies of the spin currents that can arise fromrobust, intrinsic spin-orbit interaction (SOI) effects in more exotic systemsincluding topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides with brokencrystalline symmetry, Weyl and Dirac semimetals where gapless electronicexcitations are protected by topology and symmetry. Here we experimentallystudy strong SOT from the topological semimetal IrO2 in (001) and (110) normalfilms, which exhibit distinctly different SHE strengths. Angle resolvedphotoemission spectroscopy studies have shown IrO2 exhibits Dirac nodal lines(DNL) in the band structure, which could enable a very high spin Hallconductivity (SHC). The (001) films exhibit exceptionally high damping liketorque efficiency ranging from 0.45 at 293 K to 0.65 at 30 K which sets thelower bound of SHC that is ten times higher and of opposite sign than thetheoretical prediction. We observe a substantial reduction of SHC inanisotropically strained (110) films, which suggests that the DNLs that arepresent in the (001) films and contribute to SHC, are disrupted and gapped dueto the large anisotropic strain in (110) films, which in turn significantlylowers SHC. Very large value of SHC at room temperature of this Dirac semimetalcould be very promising for the practical application.

Role of Dirac nodal lines and strain on the high spin Hall conductivity of epitaxial IrO2 thin films