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Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a precise and non-invasiveanalytical technique that is widely used in chemical analysis, environmentalprotection, food processing, pharmaceutics, and diagnostic biology. However, itis still a challenge to produce highly sensitive and reusable SERS substrateswith minimum fluorescence background. In this work, we propose the use of vander Waals heterostructures of two-dimensional materials (2D materials) to coverplasmonic metal nanoparticles to solve this challenge. The heterostructures ofatomically thin boron nitride (BN) and graphene provide synergistic effects:(1) electrons could tunnel through the atomically thin BN, allowing the chargetransfer between graphene and probe molecules to suppress fluorescencebackground; (2) the SERS sensitivity is enhanced by graphene via chemicalenhancement mechanism (CM) in addition to electromagnetic field mechanism (EM);(3) the atomically thin BN protects the underlying graphene and Agnanoparticles from oxidation during heating for regeneration at 360 {\deg}C inthe air so that the SERS substrates could be reused. These advances willfacilitate wider applications of SERS, especially on the detection offluorescent molecules with higher sensitivity.

Two-dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures for Synergistically Improved Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy