English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Accurate identification of chemical phases associated with the electrode andsolid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is critical for understanding andcontrolling interfacial degradation mechanisms in lithium containing batterysystems. To study these critical battery materials and interfaces X rayphotoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a widely used technique that providesquantitative chemical insights. However, due to the fact that a majority ofchemical phases relevant to battery interfaces are poor electronic conductors,phase identification that relies primarily on absolute XPS core levelbinding-energies (BEs) can be problematic. Charging during XPS measurementsleads to BE shifts that can be difficult to correct. These difficulties areoften exacerbated by the coexistence of multiple Li containing phases in theSEI with overlapping XPS core levels. To facilitate accurate phaseidentification of battery relevant phases, we propose a straightforwardapproach for removing charging effects from XPS data sets. We apply thisapproach to XPS data sets acquired from six battery relevant inorganic phasesincluding lithium metal (Li0), lithium oxide (Li2O), lithium peroxide (Li2O2),lithium hydroxide (LiOH), lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), and lithium nitride(Li3N). Specifically, we demonstrate that BE separations between core levelspresent in a particular phase (e.g. BE separation between the O 1s and Li 1score levels in Li2O) provide an additional constraint that can significantlyimprove reliability of phase identification. Finally, as an exemplary case weapply the charge-correction methodology to XPS data acquired from a symmetriccell based on a Li2S P2S5 solid electrolyte. This analysis demonstrates thataccurately accounting for XPS BE shifts as a function of current-biasconditions can provide a direct probe of ionic conductivities associated withbattery materials.

XPS on Li-Battery-Related Compounds: Analysis of Inorganic SEI Phases and a Methodology for Charge Correction