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A series of high quality BaFe$_{2-x}$Ni$_x$As$_2$ pnictide superconductorswere studied using magnetic relaxation and isothermal magnetic measurements inorder to study the second magnetization peak (SMP) and critical currentbehaviour in Ni-doped 122 family. The temperature dependence of the magneticrelaxation rate suggests a pinning crossover, whereas, it's magnetic fielddependence hints a vortex-lattice structural phase-transition. The activationenergy ($U$) estimated using the magnetic relaxation data was analyzed indetail for slightly-underdoped, slightly-overdoped and an overdoped samples,using Maley's method and collective creep theory. Our results confirm that theSMP in these samples is due to the collective (elastic) to plastic creepcrossover as has been observed for the other members of 122-family. Inaddition, we also investigated the doping dependence of the critical currentdensity ($J_c$) and the vortex-pinning behaviour in these compounds. Theobserved $J_c$ is higher than the threshold limit (10$^5$ A/cm$^2$) consideredfor the technological potential and even greater than 1 MA/cm$^2$ for slightlyunderdoped Ni-content, x = 0.092 sample. The pinning characteristics wereanalyzed in terms of the models developed by Dew-Hughes and Griessen $et$ $al$,which suggest the dominant role of $\delta l$-type pinning.

acs applied electronic materials

Doping Dependence of the Second Magnetization Peak, Critical Current  Density and Pinning Mechanism in BaFe$_{2-x}$Ni$_x$As$_2$ Pnictide  Superconductors