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Molecular motor proteins form the basis of cellular dynamics. Recently,notable efforts have led to the creation of their DNA-based mimics, which cancarry out complex nanoscale motion. However, such functional analogues have notyet been integrated or operated inside synthetic cells toward the goal ofrealizing artificial biological systems entirely from the bottom-up. In thisLetter, we encapsulate and actuate DNA-assembled dynamic nanostructures insidecell-sized microfluidic compartments. These encapsulated DNA nanostructures notonly exhibit structural reconfigurability owing to their pH-sensitive molecularswitches upon external stimuli but also possess optical feedback enabled by theintegrated plasmonic probes. In particular, we demonstrate the power ofmicrofluidic compartmentalization for achieving on-chip plasmonic enantiomerseparation and substrate filtration. Our work exemplifies that the two uniquetools, droplet-based microfluidics and DNA technology, offering high precisionon the microscale and nanoscale, respectively, can be brought together togreatly enrich the complexity and diversity of functional synthetic systems.

Dynamic Actuation of DNA-Assembled Plasmonic Nanostructures in Microfluidic Cell-Sized Compartments