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Magnetic skyrmions are topological solitons that exhibit an increasedstability against annihilation, and can be displaced with low currentdensities, making them a promising candidate as an information carrier. Inorder to demonstrate a viable skyrmion-based memory device, it is necessary toreliably and reproducibly nucleate, displace, detect, and delete the magneticskyrmions. While the skyrmion displacement and detection have both beeninvestigated in detail, much less attention has been dedicated to the study ofthe sub-ns dynamics of the skyrmion nucleation process. Only limited studies onthe statics and above-ns dynamics have been performed, leaving still many openquestions on the dynamics of the nucleation process. Furthermore, the vastmajority of the presently existing studies focus on the nucleation from randomnatural pinning sites, or from patterned constrictions in the magnetic materialitself, which limit the functionality of the skyrmion-based device. Thoselimitations can be overcome by the fabrication of a dedicated injector deviceon top of the magnetic material. In this study, we investigate the nucleationof magnetic skyrmions from a dedicated nano-engineered injector, demonstratingthe reliable magnetic skyrmion nucleation at the remnant state. The sub-nsdynamics of the skyrmion nucleation process were also investigated, allowing usto shine light on the physical processes driving the nucleation.

Deterministic field-free skyrmion nucleation at a nano-engineered injector device