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The measured frequencies and intensities of different first- and second-order Raman peaks of suspended graphene are used to show that optical phononsand different acoustic phonon polarizations are driven out of local equilibriuminside a sub-micron laser spot. The experimental results are correlated with afirst principles-based multiple temperature model to suggest a considerablylower equivalent local temperature of the flexural phonons than those of otherphonon polarizations. The finding reveals weak coupling between the flexuralmodes with hot electrons and optical phonons. Since the ultrahigh intrinsicthermal conductivity of graphene has been largely attributed to contributionsfrom the flexural phonons, the observed local non-equilibrium phenomena haveimportant implications for understanding energy dissipation processes ingraphene-based electronic and optoelectronic devices, as well as in Ramanmeasurements of thermal transport in graphene and other two-dimensionalmaterials.

Optical generation and detection of local non-equilibrium phonons in suspended graphene