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In this work we demonstrate that a free-standing van der Waalsheterostructure, usually regarded as a flat object, can exhibit an intrinsicbuckled atomic structure resulting from the interaction between two layers witha small lattice mismatch. We studied a freely suspended membrane of wellaligned graphene on a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) monolayer by transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM (STEM). We developed a detectionmethod in the STEM that is capable of recording the direction of the scatteredelectron beam and that is extremely sensitive to the local stacking of atoms.Comparison between experimental data and simulated models shows that theheterostructure effectively bends in the out-of-plane direction, producing anundulated structure having a periodicity that matches the moir\'e wavelength.We attribute this rippling to the interlayer interaction and also show how thisaffects the intralayer strain in each layer.

Unraveling the 3D atomic structure of a suspended graphene/hBN van der Waals heterostructure