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Quantum sensors based on solid-state spins provide tremendous opportunitiesin a wide range of fields from basic physics and chemistry to biomedicalimaging. However, integrating them into a scanning probe microscope to enablepractical, nanoscale quantum imaging is a highly challenging task. Recently,the use of single spins in diamond in conjunction with atomic force microscopytechniques has allowed significant progress towards this goal, butgeneralisation of this approach has so far been impeded by long acquisitiontimes or by the absence of simultaneous topographic information. Here we reporton a scanning quantum probe microscope which solves both issues, by employing anano-spin ensemble hosted in a nanodiamond. This approach provides up to anorder of magnitude gain in acquisition time, whilst preserving sub-100 nmspatial resolution both for the quantum sensor and topographic images. Wedemonstrate two applications of this microscope. We first image nanoscaleclusters of maghemite particles through both spin resonance spectroscopy andspin relaxometry, under ambient conditions. Our images reveal fast magneticfield fluctuations in addition to a static component, indicating the presenceof both superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic particles. We next demonstrate anew imaging modality where the nano-spin ensemble is used as a thermometer. Weuse this technique to map the photo-induced heating generated by laserirradiation of a single gold nanoparticle in a fluid environment. This workpaves the way towards new applications of quantum probe microscopy such asthermal/magnetic imaging of operating microelectronic devices and magneticdetection of ion channels in cell membranes.

Scanning nano-spin ensemble microscope for nanoscale magnetic and thermal imaging