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The strongly correlated charge density wave (CDW) phase of 1T-TiSe$_2$ isbeing extensively researched to verify the claims of a unique chiral order dueto the presence of three equivalent Fermi wavevectors involved in the CDWformation. Characterization of the symmetries is therefore critical tounderstand the origin of their intriguing properties but can be complicated bythe coupling of the electronic and lattice degrees of freedom. Here we usecontinuous wave laser excitation to probe the symmetries of TiSe$_2$ using thecircular photogalvanic effect with very high sensitivity. We observe that theground state of the CDW phase is achiral. However, laser excitation above athreshold intensity transforms TiSe$_2$ into a chiral phase in a nonequilibriumsteady state, which changes the electronic correlations in the stackingdirection of the layered material. The inherent sensitivity of thephotogalvanic technique provides clear evidence of the different opticallydriven phases of 1T-TiSe$_2$, as well as emphasizes the interplay of electronicand lattice degrees of freedom in this system under optical excitation. Ourwork demonstrates that optically induced phase change can occur at extremelylow optical intensities in strongly correlated materials, providing a pathwayfor future studies to engineer new phases using light.

Optically induced symmetry breaking due to nonequilibrium steady state formation in charge density wave material 1T-TiSe2