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Ferroelectric domain boundaries are quasi-two-dimensional functionalinterfaces with high prospects for nanoelectronic applications. Despite theirreduced dimensionality, they can exhibit complex non-Ising polarizationconfigurations and unexpected physical properties. Here, the impact of thethree-dimensional (3D) curvature on the polarization profile of nominallyuncharged 180{\deg} domain walls in LiNbO3 is studied using second-harmonicgeneration microscopy and 3D polarimetry analysis. Correlations between thedomain wall curvature and the variation of its internal polarization unfold inthe form of modulations of the N\'eel-like character, which we attribute to theflexoelectric effect. While the N\'eel-like character originates mainly fromthe tilting of the domain wall, the internal polarization adjusts itsorientation due to the synergetic upshot of dipolar and monopolar bound chargesand their variation with the 3D curvature. Our results show that curvedinterfaces in solid crystals may offer a rich playground for tailoringnanoscale polar states.

Impact of 3D curvature on the polarization orientation in non-Ising domain walls