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Charge density wave (CDW) is a collective quantum phenomenon in metals andfeatures a wave-like modulation of the conduction electron density. Amicroscopic understanding and experimental control of this many-body electronicstate in atomically thin materials remain hot topics in materials physics. Bymeans of material engineering, we realized a dimensionality and Zrintercalation induced semiconductor-metal phase transition in 1T-ZrX$_2$ (X =Se, Te) ultra-thin films, accompanied by a commensurate 2 $\times$ 2 CDW order.Furthermore, we observed a CDW energy gap up to 22 meV around the Fermi level.Fourier-transformed scanning tunneling microscopy and angle-resolvedphotoemission spectroscopy reveal that 1T-ZrX$_2$ films exhibit the simplestFermi surface among the known CDW materials in TMDCs, consisting only of Zr4d-derived elliptical electron conduction band at the corners of the Brillouinzone.

Semiconductor-metal phase transition and emergent charge density waves in 1T-ZrX$_2$ (X = Se, Te) at the two-dimensional limit