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Recent experiments have shown the possibility to tune the electron transportproperties of metallic nanosized superconductors through a gate voltage. Theseresults renewed the longstanding debate on the interaction between intenseelectrostatic fields and superconductivity. Indeed, different works suggestedcompeting mechanisms as the cause of the effect: unconventional electricfield-effect or quasiparticle injection. By realizing ionic-gated Josephsonfield-effect nanotransistors (IJoFETs), we provide the conclusive evidence ofelectrostatic field-driven control of the supercurrent in metallic nanosizedsuperconductors. Our Nb IJoFETs show bipolar giant suppression of thesuperconducting critical current up to $\sim45\%$ with negligible variation ofboth the critical temperature and the normal-state resistance, in a setup whereboth overheating and charge injection are impossible. The microscopicexplanation of these results calls upon a novel theory able to describe thenon-trivial interaction of static electric fields with conventionalsuperconductivity.

Electrostatic field-driven supercurrent suppression in ionic-gated metallic Josephson nanotransistors