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Monolayer WTe2 is predicted to be a quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI) andelectron transport along its edges has been experimentally observed. However,the 'smoking gun' of QSHI, spin momentum locking of the edge electrons, has notbeen experimentally demonstrated. We propose a model to establish therelationship between the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and spinorientation of the helical electrons in WTe2. Based on the predictions of themodel, angular dependent magnetoresistance measurements were carried out. Theexperimental results fully supported the model and the spin orientation of thehelical edge electrons was determined. Our results not only demonstrate thatWTe2 is indeed a QSHI, but also suggest a convenient method to determine thespin orientation of other QSHIs.

Determination of the spin orientation of helical electrons in monolayer WTe2