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Rayleigh instability that results in the breakup of a charged droplet,levitated in a quadrupole trap, has been investigated in the literature, butonly scarcely. We report here asymmetric breakup of a charged drop, levitatedin a loose trap, wherein, the droplet is stabilized at an off-center locationin the trap. This aspect of levitation leads to an asymmetric breakup of thecharged drop, predominantly in a direction opposite to that of gravity. In afirst of its kind of study, we capture the successive events of the dropletdeformation, breakup and relaxation of the drop after jet ejection using highspeed imaging at a couple of hundred thousand frames per second. A pertinentquestion of the effect of the electrodynamic trap parameters such as appliedvoltage as well as physical parameters such as the size of the drop, gravityand conductivity on the characteristics of droplet breakup is also explored. Aclear effect of the trap strength on the deformation (both symmetric andasymmetric) is observed. Moreover, the cone angle at the pole undergoingasymmetric breakup is almost independent of the applied field investigated inthe experiments. All the experimental observations are compared with numericalsimulations carried out using the boundary element method (BEM) in the Stokesflow limit. The BEM simulations are also extended to other experimentallyachievable parameters. It is observed that the breakup is mostly fieldinfluenced, and not field induced. A plausible theory for the observations isreported, and a sensitive role of the sign of the charge on the droplet and thesign of the end cap potential, as well as the off-center location of thedroplet in the trap.

Effect of trap potential on the Rayleigh breakup of a levitated charged droplet